Seerat un Nabi ﷺ

570 CE

Birth in Makkah

Born on 12 Rabi' al-Awwal in the Year of the Elephant to Abdullah ibn Abdul Muttalib and Aminah bint Wahb, of the noble tribe of Quraysh, clan of Banu Hashim.

570–574 CE

Nursed by Halimah as-Sa'diyyah

Raised in the desert of Banu Sa'd, where his chest was opened and purified by the angels.

576 CE

Death of his mother

Aminah passes away at Abwa when he is six; he is raised by his grandfather Abdul Muttalib, and after two years by his uncle Abu Talib.

583 CE

Journey to Syria

Travels with Abu Talib; the monk Bahira recognises the signs of prophethood in him.

595 CE

Marriage to Khadijah رضي الله عنها

At the age of 25 he marries Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, then aged 40, after trading honestly on her behalf.

605 CE

Rebuilding the Ka'bah

He resolves the dispute over the Black Stone by placing it on a cloth for all clans to carry together — he is known as Al-Ameen, the Trustworthy.

610 CE

The First Revelation

In the cave of Hira, Jibreel عليه السلام brings the first five verses of Surah al-Alaq: اِقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ.

613 CE

Public call to Islam

He calls the Quraysh openly from Mount Safa; persecution of the weak believers such as Bilal and the family of Yasir begins.

615 CE

Migration to Abyssinia

Companions migrate to the just Christian king An-Najashi to escape persecution; Ja'far ibn Abi Talib recites Surah Maryam to him.

616–619 CE

The Boycott of Shi'b Abi Talib

Banu Hashim are besieged for three years in the valley until the unjust document is eaten away by termites.

619 CE

The Year of Sorrow

Both Abu Talib and Khadijah رضي الله عنها pass away; he then travels to Ta'if and is driven out with stones, yet prays for its people.

621 CE

Isra & Mi'raj

The night journey to Masjid al-Aqsa and the ascension through the seven heavens; the five daily prayers are ordained.

622 CE

Hijrah to Madinah

Migration with Abu Bakr as-Siddiq رضي الله عنه via the cave of Thawr; the Islamic Hijri calendar begins from this year.

622 CE

Brotherhood & the Charter of Madinah

Masjid an-Nabawi is built, the Muhajirun and Ansar are paired in brotherhood, and a written constitution governs the city.

624 CE

Battle of Badr

313 Muslims are granted a decisive victory over about 1,000 Quraysh on 17 Ramadan.

625 CE

Battle of Uhud

A severe test after the archers left their post; Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib and seventy companions are martyred.

627 CE

Battle of the Trench (Khandaq)

Madinah is defended by a trench dug on the advice of Salman al-Farsi رضي الله عنه; the confederates withdraw.

628 CE

Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

A ten-year truce that opens the doors of da'wah — the Qur'an calls it a clear victory (Fath Mubin).

629 CE

Letters to the kings & Umrah al-Qada

Letters are sent to Heraclius, Khosrow, the Negus and Muqawqis; the compensatory Umrah is performed.

630 CE

Conquest of Makkah

Makkah is entered peacefully with 10,000 companions; the Ka'bah is cleansed of 360 idols and a general amnesty is declared.

630 CE

Hunayn & Tabuk

Victory at Hunayn after an initial retreat, and the expedition to Tabuk against the Byzantine frontier.

632 CE

Farewell Hajj & Passing

The Farewell Sermon at Arafah before 124,000 companions, then he passes away on 12 Rabi' al-Awwal in Madinah at the age of 63, in the room of Aisha رضي الله عنها.