Ibadaat

Conditions before Salah

Purity of body, clothing and place; covering the awrah (navel to knee for men, whole body except face, hands and feet for women); facing the Qiblah; the time of that prayer having entered; and intention (niyyah).

Complete method

Takbeer Tahrimah (Allahu Akbar with hands raised) → Thana (Subhanakallahumma…) → Ta'awwudh and Tasmiyah → Surah al-Fatiha → any surah → Ruku with Subhana Rabbiyal Adheem ×3 → Qawmah (Sami' Allahu liman hamidah / Rabbana lakal hamd) → Sujood with Subhana Rabbiyal A'la ×3 → Jalsah → second Sujood → next rak'ah → Tashahhud → Durood Ibrahim → Dua Masura → Salaam right then left.

Fard acts inside Salah

Takbeer Tahrimah, Qiyam (standing), Qira'ah (recitation), Ruku, both Sujood, and the final Qa'dah for the length of Tashahhud.

Wajib acts & Sajda Sahw

Reciting al-Fatiha, adding a surah in the first two rak'ah of farz, sitting for the first Qa'dah, Tashahhud, and Salaam are wajib. Leaving a wajib forgetfully requires Sajda Sahw: two extra sujood after the final Tashahhud followed by Tashahhud, Durood and Salaam.

Things that break Salah

Speaking, eating or drinking, excessive movement, laughing aloud, turning the chest away from the Qiblah, losing wudu, and reciting with a meaning-changing mistake.

Adhan & Iqamah

The adhan is called before every farz prayer, answered word by word by the listener, followed by Durood and the Dua after Adhan. The iqamah is the same words said faster with قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاة twice.

Praying in Jama'ah

Congregation multiplies the reward by 27. Straighten the rows, stand shoulder to shoulder, follow the imam and never precede him. A latecomer (masbooq) joins immediately and completes the missed rak'ah after the imam's salaam.

Dua-e-Qunoot (Witr)

اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْتَعِينُكَ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَنُؤْمِنُ بِكَ وَنَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَيْكَ… recited in the third rak'ah of Witr after raising the hands and saying takbeer.